The property has strong associations with State Institutions. The Tower of London is a rare survival of a continuously developing ensemble of royal buildings, evolving from the 11th to the 16th centuries, and as such, has great significance nationally and internationally. The survival of palace buildings at the Tower allows a rare glimpse into the life of a medieval monarch within their fortress walls. Palace buildings were added to the royal complex right up until the 16th century, although few now stand above ground. The additions of Henry III and Edward I, and particularly the highly innovative development of the palace within the fortress, made the Tower into one of the most innovative and influential castle sites in Europe in the 13th and early 14th centuries, and much of their work survives. The property is a model example of a medieval fortress palace, which evolved from the 11th to 16th centuries. They represent the apogee of a type of sophisticated castle design, which originated in Normandy and spread through Norman lands to England and Wales.
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As the most complete survival of an 11th-century fortress palace remaining in Europe, the White Tower, and its later 13th and 14th century additions, belong to a series of edifices which were at the cutting edge of military building technology internationally. The property is an outstanding example of late 11th century innovative Norman military architecture. The Tower has an iconic role as reflecting the last military conquest of England. The Tower represents more than any other structure the far-reaching significance of the mid-11th century Norman Conquest of England, for the impact it had on fostering closer ties with Europe, on English language and culture, and in creating one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe. The Tower of London was built as a demonstration and symbol of Norman power. The Tower literally ‘towered’ over its surroundings until the 19th century. It had the dual role of providing protection for the City through its defensive structure and the provision of a garrison, and of also controlling the citizens by the same means. Sited strategically at a bend in the River Thames, it has been a crucial demarcation point between the power of the developing City of London, and the power of the monarchy. As the gateway to the capital, the Tower was in effect the gateway to the new Norman kingdom. The Tower of London has Outstanding Universal Value for the following cultural qualities:įor both protection and control of the City of London, it has a landmark siting. It has been the setting for key historical events in European history, including the execution of three English queens. It also fostered the development of several of England’s major State institutions, incorporating such fundamental roles as the nation’s defence, its record-keeping and its coinage. A rare survival of a continuously developing ensemble of royal buildings, from the 11th to 16th centuries, the Tower of London has become one of the symbols of royalty. It is the most complete example of an 11th century fortress palace remaining in Europe. William the Conqueror built the White Tower in 1066 as a demonstration of Norman power, siting it strategically on the River Thames to act as both fortress and gateway to the capital. The Tower of London is an internationally famous monument and one of England’s most iconic structures.
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